Los conflictos armados pasados y actuales han generado grandes necesidades humanitarias en Oriente Medio. Suiza apoya la prestación de ayuda y de servicios para proteger a las personas afectadas por la violencia y participa activamente en la promoción de la paz y en la prevención de los conflictos violentos. También trabaja para garantizar la gestión sostenible del agua, la educación de calidad y la creación de ingresos para los refugiados, los desplazados internos, los migrantes vulnerables y las comunidades de acogida de Irak, Jordania, Líbano, Siria y Turquía.
Oriente Medio (Siria, Líbano, Jordania, Iraq)
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Embajada con Centro consular regional | |
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Oriente Medio sigue siendo el centro de atención del compromiso de la comunidad internacional y de Suiza. Los conflictos actuales y pasados han dado lugar a violaciones de los derechos humanos y del derecho internacional humanitario. Desde 2011, la crisis de Siria ha afectado a las vidas de, al menos, 12 millones de personas. Más de 5,5 millones de sirios están registrados como refugiados en países vecinos (Líbano, Jordania, Turquía e Irak) y 6 millones son aún desplazados internos. La cantidad de retornos es muy baja. Además, cerca de medio millón de personas han sido asesinadas y un sinnúmero de personas están desaparecidas o detenidas. Irak está pasando de una situación de emergencia a la fase de recuperación. No obstante, alrededor de 1,6 millones de personas siguen desplazadas internamente y casi 7 millones necesitan asistencia humanitaria. La situación prolongada sigue sobrecargando la capacidad de acogida de las comunidades y gobiernos.
Suiza tiene en Oriente Medio el propósito general de crear un entorno seguro para las víctimas de los conflictos y otras personas vulnerables, salvando vidas y fomentando la autonomía de la comunidad, reduciendo la fragilidad y generando una perspectiva de desarrollo. En el ámbito político, promueve la buena gobernanza, así como el respeto de los derechos humanos internacionales, incluidos los derechos de los refugiados, y el derecho internacional humanitario. También apoya la prevención y la transformación de conflictos.
AOD bilateral de Suiza | 2022 Mill. CHF |
2023 Mill. CHF |
2024 * Mill. CHF |
---|---|---|---|
Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE)** | |||
Cooperación bilateral al desarrollo | 5.45 | 10.21 | 13.10 |
Ayuda humanitaria | 71.21 | 79.16 | 65.01 |
Secretaría de Estado para la Economía (SECO) | |||
Cooperación y desarrollo económicos | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
División de Paz y Derechos Humanos (DPDH) | |||
Gestión de conflictos civiles y derechos humanos | 6.71 | 5.82 | 4.94 |
Total COSUDE/SECO/DPDH | 83.73 | 95.41 | 83.10 |
Otros departamentos y oficinas federales | |||
Otros divisiones de DFAE (ASAF, AIO, etc) | 0.21 | 0.05 | .. |
Red de representaciónes de Suiza (DFAE) en el exterior | 5.22 | - | .. |
Secretaría de Estado de Migraciones (SEM) | 2.13 | 1.72 | .. |
Secretaría de Estado para la Educación y la Investigación (SER) | 0.78 | 0.46 | .. |
MeteoSwiss | - | - | - |
Departamento Federal de Defensa, Protección Civil y Deporte (DDPD) | - | 0.29 | - |
Oficina Federal de Medioambiente (OFEV) | - | - | .. |
Oficina federal de estadística | - | - | - |
Secretaría de Estado para las Finanzas Internacionales (SFI) | - | - | - |
Total oficinas federales | 8.34 | 2.52 | - |
Cantones y municipios | 1.30 | .. | .. |
Total | 93.37 | 97.93 | 83.10 |
Situación a partir de 02.04.2024
* previsto; total de los datos disponibles
** Sin las contribuciones multilaterales a la Oficina de Socorro y Trabajos de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados de Palestina (UNRWA)
.. = sin datos | – = suma, igual a cero o suma < 5'000 CHF
Protección y migración
Protección para las personas vulnerables y afectadas por el conflicto en Siria
En Siria, el conflicto armado en curso ha obligado a más de seis millones de personas a abandonar su lugar de origen y a desplazarse forzosamente dentro de su propio país. En promedio, las personas han sido desplazadas dos o tres veces desde el inicio de la crisis, lo que ha aumentado su vulnerabilidad. Estas personas especialmente vulnerables necesitan vivienda, agua, educación, entre otros servicios. Suiza está apoyando a los hogares vulnerables a colmar estas necesidades básicas, entre otros, proporcionándoles medios de subsistencia, a través de ayudas en efectivo y de formación.
Prevención de catástrofes, ayuda de emergencia reconstrucción y protección
Agua, higiene y saneamiento
Mejor acceso al agua y al saneamiento en el valle de Bekaa (Líbano)
El Líbano acoge actualmente a más de un millón de refugiados sirios. Por lo que la demanda de recursos naturales, tales como el agua, es muy alta. En el valle de Bekaa, en la frontera con Siria, la COSUDE apoya a las autoridades locales responsables de los recursos hídricos con el sistema de monitoreo del agua y de las aguas residuales. La COSUDE colabora con el Bekaa Water Establishment para proporcionar agua limpia y segura a las comunidades de acogida y a los refugiados sirios que viven en el valle.
Educación e ingresos
Fomentar la calidad y la inclusividad de los sistemas educativos
Los conflictos y los desplazamientos de población han intensificado la presión que soportan las economías locales, ya frágiles. El compromiso de Suiza persigue reducir el impacto económico al facilitar el acceso equitativo tanto a la educación como a los ingresos. Mediante el fortalecimiento de las capacidades educativas nacionales, su objetivo es mejorar la educación de los niños, contribuir a que alcancen su máximo potencial educativo y fomentar que completen la educación obligatoria. Mediante el apoyo a las oportunidades de generación de ingresos y al sector privado, y a través de la promoción de marcos legales para garantizar una renta digna, Suiza busca mejorar las oportunidades de ganarse la vida para hombres y mujeres por igual. Con la inclusión de las comunidades de acogida y de los refugiados en los proyectos en materia de educación e ingresos, este enfoque tiene como objetivo fortalecer la cohesión social y evitar más violencia.
La educación básica y la formación profesional
Promoción de la paz y prevención de conflictos
Creando las condiciones para la paz y la reconciliación
Suiza tiene como objetivo abordar las causas fundamentales de la violencia y prevenir los conflictos violentos. También trabaja en pos de la paz a través de la restauración de las relaciones y de los sistemas sociales que atienden las necesidades de toda la población, así como en la resolución de conflictos. Suiza apoya esos esfuerzos a través de procesos que incluyen a agentes estatales y no estatales, ya sea a nivel comunitario o nacional, y trabajando para mejorar los marcos legales y políticos.
Enfoque y contrapartes
Los instigadores de los conflictos prolongados en Oriente Medio y las relaciones entre ellos requieren una respuesta regional. Con un “enfoque pangubernamental”, la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación, la División de Paz y Derechos Humanos y la Secretaría de Estado para las Migraciones trabajan en estrecha cooperación para lograr los objetivos de la cooperación internacional de Suiza en la región.
El compromiso de la COSUDE se centra en cuatro líneas de acción, a saber:
- contribuciones en efectivo y en especie a organizaciones humanitarias y de desarrollo;
- intervención directa;
- comisiones de servicio de expertos técnicos de la Unidad Suiza de Ayuda Humanitaria a organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas; y
- promoción de la coordinación internacional y de la diplomacia humanitaria.
El apoyo de la División de Paz y Derechos Humanos consiste en proporcionar conocimientos especializados a agentes multilaterales y nacionales, a través de comisiones de servicio de los expertos del DFAE en materia de promoción civil de la paz; coordinar y organizar diálogos y desarrollar capacidades, ya sea directamente o mediante la prestación de apoyo técnico o financiero a organizaciones no gubernamentales internacionales y nacionales.
Las contrapartes clave de Suiza en la región son:
- actores nacionales y locales de los países interesados;
- organizaciones internacionales, entre ellas el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR);
- organizaciones multilaterales: la Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios (OCHA), el Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR), el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF) y el Organismo de Obras Públicas y Socorro de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados de Palestina en el Cercano Oriente (OOPS), la Oficina del Enviado Especial del Secretario General para Siria, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), etc.;
- organizaciones de la sociedad civil; y
- ONG internacionales y suizas: Terre des hommes y MEDAIR, entre otras.
Enlaces
Documentos
Proyectos Irak
Objeto 1 5 de 5
- 1
Supporting displacement-affected communities to access essential services and achieve durable solutions in Diyala and Ninewa governorates, Iraq
15.04.2023
- 14.04.2025
Although the Islamic State (IS) was defeated territorially more than five years ago, 2.5 million people in Iraq are in need of humanitarian assistance. This project aims to address key protection issues, such as lack of access to civil legal documents, in displacement-affected communities in Diyala and Ninewa governorates. The goal is to achieve durable solutions through access to essential services and handover to national agencies through capacity building and advocacy.
Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.
Allocation of SDC Funding (MENA Europe Division) in 2023 to ICRC Operations in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2023
SDC funding to ICRC operations allows the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to respond proactively and to provide immediate protection and assistance for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. In line with the Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) principles, Switzerland recognizes the necessity of predictable and flexible funding to respond to changing needs in humanitarian crises.
WASH and livelihoods contributing to durable solutions for vulnerable, displacement-affected women, men, girls, and boys in Diyala and Kirkuk, Iraq
15.06.2022
- 14.06.2024
To facilitate durable solutions for conflict-affected persons in Kirkuk and Diyala, Oxfam in partnership with national NGOs will meet urgent WASH and livelihood needs and at the same time strengthen community resilience and socio-economic development. This will be achieved through an area-based, cross-sectoral intervention that pairs the delivery of WASH and livelihood activities with capacity building, advocacy, and policy work with local authorities and community committees.
IRQ Oxfam – Integrated WASH and Protection response to conflict affected communities in Diyala governorate
01.09.2017
- 28.02.2020
A majority of people living in rural northern Diyala do not have access to potable water which results in communities utilizing unsafe sources like rivers and irrigation channels. The lack of solid waste management systems further aggravates the poor health conditions within this area. This project aims at reducing water and sanitation related risks and increasing access to clean water for IDPs, returnees and host communities living in the districts of Kifri and Khanaqin. It also helps particularly vulnerable families access protection services.
Objeto 1 5 de 5
- 1
Proyectos Líbano
Enhanced Protection and Support to the Most Vulnerable Children, notably Refugee Children, in Lebanon
16.08.2024
- 15.08.2027
Children of all nationalities in Lebanon are affected by the country’s multifaceted crisis and collapse of public services. They face heightened risks of abuse, exploitation and violence, and of getting in contact or even in conflict with the law. Specific groups like refugee children are particularly at risk of seeing their rights violated. Through this project, NGOs and UNICEF will jointly enhance the protection of children from violence by providing them with crucial legal and protection services and by improving the child-friendliness of the justice system (nexus).
UNICEF – Improving drinking water quality in Lebanon
01.06.2024
- 31.05.2026
Lebanon’s water sector is at risk of collapse. Therefore Switzerland, in partnership with UNICEF supports the provision of safe water through the public service. The proposed intervention is critical to the water sector and serves as emergency support to the population to avoid impacts of collapsed water systems such as cholera. It also lays the ground for longer-term improved water quality in Lebanon.
OCHA Core Contribution 2024-2025
01.01.2024
- 31.12.2025
Switzerland’s objective is to support the United Nations (UN) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) with high-quality funding while advocating for new, more inclusive and forward-looking ways of working to enable an efficient and effective humanitarian response to people in need in accordance with humanitarian principles and international humanitarian law. OCHA is a priority organization for Switzerland.
Lebanon Direct Action - Bekaa Water Management Programme (BWMP)
01.01.2024
- 31.12.2027
By improving water infrastructures and implementing evidence-based management at the Bekaa Water Establishment, continuous access to water will be provided to the population in the Bekaa. This project implemented as a direct Swiss humanitarian action will improve the health and well-being of the population, particularly the most vulnerable.
Decent work for Migrants in the Middle East
01.10.2023
- 30.09.2027
Migrant workers and refugees face obstacles to access decent work in the Middle East, one of the largest migrant hosting regions, which limits their ability to contribute to their countries of origin and destination. To maximize benefits of migration and reduce harm, Switzerland engages various public and private stakeholders for the promotion of decent working conditions in Jordan, Lebanon and the Gulf, through access to justice, migrant empowerment and addressing worker welfare in the green and just transition.
Contribution to UNICEF Transition and Resilience Education Fund (TREF)
01.07.2023
- 31.12.2025
Switzerland’s contribution to UNICEF’s Transition and Resilience Education Fund (TREF) in Lebanon ensures access to relevant quality public education for the most vulnerable children of all nationalities to avoid the scenario of a lost generation after 4 years of disrupted education. Amidst Lebanon’s economic crisis, TREF further contributes to improving the governance, efficiency, inclusiveness, and overall resilience of Lebanon public education system.
Program Contribution for Fondation Terre des hommes 2023-2024
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
The program of the Terre des hommes Foundation (TdhF) aims to sustainably reduce child mortality and morbidity and to secure access to health, sanitation and clean water for mothers and children (0-18 years) in severe poverty. Children in contexts of migration, conflict and disasters, and child victims of violence are better protected. International standards in child-friendly justice are promoted. Humanitarian interventions in fragile contexts, combined with poverty reduction and sustainable development are promoted through innovative work with children and youths.
Contribution to UNRWA's Programme Budget 2023-2024
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNRWA is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners in the Middle East, due to its important contributions towards stability and peace in the region and its role in providing services and humanitarian assistance to people in need. Under its Programme Budget, UNRWA ensures universal access to quality primary health care and to basic education to 5.8 million registered Palestine refugees. It also provides targeted relief and social services to vulnerable refugees.
Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.
LEB/JOR DANIDA - Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP)
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2026
In Lebanon and Jordan, the protracted refugee crisis, structural fragility, political and economic crises, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased poverty and unemployment, especially among youth and women. Switzerland will support vulnerable communities in both countries to access their rights, enjoy increased safety and enhance their self-reliance through a combination of livelihoods support, protection, research and advocacy contributing to progress towards durable and sustainable solutions.
Allocation of SDC Funding (MENA Europe Division) in 2023 to ICRC Operations in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2023
SDC funding to ICRC operations allows the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to respond proactively and to provide immediate protection and assistance for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. In line with the Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) principles, Switzerland recognizes the necessity of predictable and flexible funding to respond to changing needs in humanitarian crises.
2023 Annual Allocation to WFP Country Strategic Plans
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2023
Against historic levels of food security due to conflicts, climate change and COVID-19, Switzerland supports annually in 28 SDC priority countries operations of the World Food Programme (WFP) to provide humanitarian and development assistance. It funds indistinctively Country Strategic Plans, incorporating all WFP programmes or projects, based on affected population needs and potential synergies with other local partners, especially national governments and civil society.
Proyectos Siria
Objeto 1 4 de 4
- 1
Contribution to UNRWA's Programme Budget 2023-2024
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNRWA is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners in the Middle East, due to its important contributions towards stability and peace in the region and its role in providing services and humanitarian assistance to people in need. Under its Programme Budget, UNRWA ensures universal access to quality primary health care and to basic education to 5.8 million registered Palestine refugees. It also provides targeted relief and social services to vulnerable refugees.
Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.
Allocation of SDC Funding (MENA Europe Division) in 2023 to ICRC Operations in oPt, Syria
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2023
SDC funding to ICRC operations allows the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to respond proactively and to provide immediate protection and assistance for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. In line with the Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) principles, Switzerland recognizes the necessity of predictable and flexible funding to respond to changing needs in humanitarian crises.
2023 Annual Allocation to WFP Country Strategic Plans
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2023
Against historic levels of food security due to conflicts, climate change and COVID-19, Switzerland supports annually in 28 SDC priority countries operations of the World Food Programme (WFP) to provide humanitarian and development assistance. It funds indistinctively Country Strategic Plans, incorporating all WFP programmes or projects, based on affected population needs and potential synergies with other local partners, especially national governments and civil society.
Objeto 1 4 de 4
- 1
Proyectos Jordania
Decent work for Migrants in the Middle East
01.10.2023
- 30.09.2027
Migrant workers and refugees face obstacles to access decent work in the Middle East, one of the largest migrant hosting regions, which limits their ability to contribute to their countries of origin and destination. To maximize benefits of migration and reduce harm, Switzerland engages various public and private stakeholders for the promotion of decent working conditions in Jordan, Lebanon and the Gulf, through access to justice, migrant empowerment and addressing worker welfare in the green and just transition.
System Strengthening Partnership Programme of the Ministry of Education Jordan and through UNESCO
01.07.2023
- 31.12.2026
In Jordan, the access to inclusive, protective quality education for vulnerable young people is impacted by natural and human-made hazards, including the protracted Syria crisis and climate change. Switzerland’s contribution to UNESCO for the System Strengthening Partnership Programme of the Ministry of Education enhances governance for evidence-based and crisis-sensitive education planning and delivery, as per Jordan’s Education Strategic Plan 2018-2025.
Sanitation Solutions for underserved Communities in Jordan
01.06.2023
- 31.05.2026
Switzerland will build a decentralised wastewater treatment plant in Azraq. Proven Swiss know-how in wastewater management will be applied to increase the efficiency of the treatment plant and to demonstrate how wastewater can be converted into physical and financial resources. The chosen approach for reducing freshwater consumption in agriculture by replacing it with safely treated waste water, in one of the most water-scarce countries, will be promoted based on the implementation of this flagship project.
Enhancing Protection and Justice for Vulnerable Children and Youth in Jordan
01.02.2023
- 31.12.2025
Children are among the most affected by multiple crisis in Jordan. The holistic child protection intervention proposed by Terre des hommes (Tdh) addresses and responds to the complex and intertwined protection needs of the most vulnerable children and youth in Jordan. It links quality of services with institutionalcapacity building and advocacy, thereby fostering a right-based and more sustainable child protection system and addressing hindering social norms in a comprehensive way.
JOR NRC Safe and Inclusive Schools (SIS) Programme
01.02.2023
- 31.12.2025
Switzerland aims to reduce barriers to sustainable solutions for children and adolescents through education programming in Jordan. With the project planned initiatives, capacity strengthening, evidence-based research and training, the school community will be mobilized for positive action within their schools and the improved knowledge and practices will increase the overall quality of teaching and learning, which in turn will improve retention rates in formal schools.
Contribution to UNRWA's Programme Budget 2023-2024
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNRWA is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners in the Middle East, due to its important contributions towards stability and peace in the region and its role in providing services and humanitarian assistance to people in need. Under its Programme Budget, UNRWA ensures universal access to quality primary health care and to basic education to 5.8 million registered Palestine refugees. It also provides targeted relief and social services to vulnerable refugees.
JOR Medair: Social protection program towards improving resilience of refugees and vulnerable Jordanians
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2025
The project initiates a third phase during which Medair Jordan will continue to reach new households in Amman, Irbid and Mafraq with case management and cash for protection, including emergency cash assistance, while focusing on livelihoods solutions to improve the resilience of refugees and vulnerable Jordanians. The project will also build and strengthen the institutional capacities of local actors to provide social protection services through coordination and experience and knowledge exchange.
Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2024
UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.
JPOs4UN Programme 2023-2028
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2028
The JPOs4UN programme aims at increasing the presence of Switzerland in the UN by augmenting the number of Swiss nationals working in SDC priority UN organizations. Switzerland directly funds partner humanitarian UN organizations to hire 11 Swiss young professionals on a three-year Junior Programme Officer contract; the Swiss foundation CINFO provides administrative support and career counselling. Swiss nationals add to a qualified and diverse UN workforce to implement the Agenda 2030.
LEB/JOR DANIDA - Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP)
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2026
In Lebanon and Jordan, the protracted refugee crisis, structural fragility, political and economic crises, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased poverty and unemployment, especially among youth and women. Switzerland will support vulnerable communities in both countries to access their rights, enjoy increased safety and enhance their self-reliance through a combination of livelihoods support, protection, research and advocacy contributing to progress towards durable and sustainable solutions.
Allocation of SDC Funding (MENA Europe Division) in 2023 to ICRC Operations in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon
01.01.2023
- 31.12.2023
SDC funding to ICRC operations allows the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to respond proactively and to provide immediate protection and assistance for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. In line with the Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) principles, Switzerland recognizes the necessity of predictable and flexible funding to respond to changing needs in humanitarian crises.
Jordan UNDP: Enhancing Country Resilience and Improving Disaster Risk and Crisis Management in Jordan
01.11.2022
- 30.04.2025
The project addresses Jordan’s urgent systemic needs in the field of disaster risk governance and management. It emphasises managing emerging risks as well as enhancing the country's resilience with a particular focus on reducing human causalities and economic losses to a maximum by clarifying roles and strengthening institutional capacities.